Document is current

Article History

Received: 13 October 2025

Accepted: 28 January 2026

First Online: 25 February 2026

Declarations

:

: UM has received consultant fees from AbbVie, BMS, BI, Celltrion, Enveda, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Pfizer, Protagonist, Roivant, and Takeda; served on the data and safety monitoring board for Merck and Prometheus Biosciences; served on the scientific advisory board for Rani Therapeutics; and received research funding from the Helmsley Charitable Trust. BES reports consulting fees from AbbVie, Adiso, Agomab, Alimentiv, Amgen, AnaptysBio, Arena, Artugen, AstraZeneca, BI, Biolojic Design, Biora, Boston, Calibr, Celgene, Celltrion, ClostraBio, Equillium, Enthera, Envied, Evommune, Ferring, Fresenius Kabi, Fiat, Galapagos, Genentech (Roche), Gilead, Gossamer Bio, GSK, Imhotex, Index, Innovation, Inotrem, Kaleido, Kallyope, Merck, Microbiotica, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Mobius Care, Morphic, MRM Health, Nexus, Nimbus Discovery, Odyssey, Palisade Bio, Progenity, Prometheus Biosciences, Prometheus Laboratories, Protagonist, Q32 Bio, Rasayana, Recludix, Reistone, Sanofi, Sorriso, Spyre, Sun, Surrozen, Target RWE, Teva, TLL, Tr1X, Union, and Ventyx; consulting and speaking fees from Abivax; consulting and speaking fees and other support from Lilly; research grants, consulting and speaking fees, and other support from BMS, Janssen, Pfizer, and Takeda; research grants and consulting fees from Theravance; and stock or stock options from Ventyx. CH has provided consulting services or served on advisory boards for AbbVie, Bausch Health, Genentech, J&J, Lilly, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Takeda. She has received educational programming support from AbbVie, J&J, Pfizer, and Takeda. DY, CH, LL, CTJH, and LW are full-time employees of AbbVie Inc. and may hold AbbVie stock and/or options. EY was a full-time employee of AbbVie. MD has served as a consultant for AbbVie, Abivax, Arena, AstraZeneca, BMS, Celgene, Genentech, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Pfizer, Prometheus Laboratories, and Takeda.

: As this study was noninterventional and used deidentified patient data, approval from an institutional review board was not required. All authors had access to the study data and reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

: As this study was noninterventional and used deidentified patient data, informed consent was not required.

: Consent for publication was not required.