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Authors
Li Wai Suen, Christopher F. D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4095-1153
Kaul, Shipraa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0467-1787
Tan, Ethan X. Z.
Con, Danny https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4983-6103
Taylor, Michelle
Wiid, Joanne
Hogan, Chris
Choy, Matthew C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5206-0097
Visvanathan, Kumar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1176-5442
De Cruz, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3399-7236
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Melbourne
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Article History
Received: 4 November 2025
Accepted: 21 February 2026
First Online: 2 March 2026
Declarations
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: Christopher F.D. Li Wai Suen has received educational support from Pfizer and has received research funding from the Robert C Bulley Charitable Foundation and the St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne Research Endowment Fund. Christopher F.D. Li Wai Suen is supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Postgraduate scholarship and by the Commonwealth through an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship [ ]. Shipraa Kaul: none to declare. Ethan XZ Tan: none to declare. Danny Con has received educational support from Viatris and is supported by a NHMRC Postgraduate scholarship. Michalle Taylor: none to declare. Joanne Wiid: none to declare. Chris Hogan: none to declare. Matthew C. Choy has received research funding from Janssen and Gandel Philanthropy. K. Visvanathan has received research funding from Gilead Sciences and Abbvie and has received speaker fees from Gilead. Peter De Cruz has served as a consultant, an advisory board member, or a speaker for AbbVie, Baxter, Ferring, Janssen, Celltrion, Pfizer, Emerge Health, Shire and Takeda. Peter De Cruz is supported by a NHMRC Emerging Leader 2 Fellowship and has received research support from AbbVie, Ferring, Shire, Janssen, Pfizer and Takeda.
: The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee (HREC/88449).
: Need for informed consent was waived due to the low-risk, retrospective design using de-identified data.
