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Article History

Received: 11 April 2026

Accepted: 3 July 2026

First Online: 8 July 2026

Declarations

:

: PN, SH, JV, HKP, RN, DR, AS, SS, and MD declare no conflicts of interest. AR is a consultant for Medtronic, ERBE, Fujifilm, Apollo Endosurgery, and Olympus. CH is a consultant for Alpha-Sigma, Fujifilm, Medtronic, Erbe, 3DMatrix, Laborie, Norgine, Olympus and Pentax. PS is a consultant for Olympus Corporation, Boston Scientific, Salix Pharmaceuticals, Cipla, Medtronic, Takeda, Samsung Bioepis, CDx, and Exact Sciences. PS has received grant support from Fujifilm, Erbe Medical, and Ironwood Pharmaceuticals.

: Not applicable, as this study utilized de-identified aggregate patient data from the TriNetX research network and did not involve direct human participant interaction.

: This study utilized de-identified data from the TriNetX research network. TriNetX data are de-identified in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule under Section §164.514(a), with the de-identification process formally attested to through expert determination. No identifiable personal health information was accessed or used. As the study involved secondary analysis of de-identified data only, Institutional Review Board review was not sought. The study was conducted in accordance with applicable ethical standards and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.