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Authors
Duan, Ee
Wu, Wenling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62072445)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62072445)
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Article History
Received: 2 December 2024
Revised: 29 September 2025
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 18 February 2026
Declarations
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: There is no conflict of interest, according to the authors.
: Since the submitted paper’s focus is cryptography and does not involve a study on humans or animals, there are no ethical concerns.
: The authors grant their consent for the potential publication of the submitted material.
