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Birch, D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6594-2897
Stingl, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8132-911X
Fujinami, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4248-0033
Holopigian, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8725-4051
Boon, C. J. F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4625-6795
Moseley, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4889-5953
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Funding for this research was provided by:
Foundation Fighting Blindness
Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
Article History
Received: 23 December 2025
Accepted: 4 May 2026
First Online: 20 May 2026
Declarations
:
: DB financial support: AGTC/Beacon, 4D MT, PYC Therapeutics, Ocugen. Consultant: Editas, 4D MT, PYC Therapeutics, ONL Therapeutics, Bluerock Therapeutics, Aldyra, SepulBio. Participates on Scientific Advisory Board for Nacuity Pharma. KF financial support: Paid consultant of Astellas Pharma Inc, Kubota Pharmaceutical Holdings Co., Ltd, and Acucela Inc., Novartis AG., Janssen Pharma., Saliogen therapeutics., Alnylam pharmaceuticals., FREST., Restore Vision., Takara Bio, AAVangrade, Santen Pharm, belite Bio, Staple Bio and Compass. Personal fees from Astellas Pharma Inc, Kubota Pharmaceutical Holdings Co., Ltd., Acucela Inc., SANTEN Company Limited, Foundation Fighting Blindness, Foundation Fighting Blindness Clinical Research Institute, Japanese Ophthalmology Society, Japan Retinitis Pigmentosa Society. KH is an employee of Novartis Pharma AG, Biomedical Research, East Hanover, NJ, USA. KS is/was consultant for Novartis, ProQR Therapeutics, ViGeneron, Santen, Janssen, Lundbeck, THEA, RhyGaze, Ascidian with all consultancy fees paid to University of Tübingen to support research. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: This article does not involve any studies on human participants conducted by the authors.
: The study involved no research on human participants and consent is not applicable.
: The study involved no research on animals.
: As this article does not contain any studies with human participants performed directly by any of the authors, the concept of informed consent is not applicable.