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Article History

Received: 25 November 2020

Accepted: 25 December 2020

First Online: 6 January 2021

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: This study was funded by AstraZeneca, which had no involvement in this study or in the preparation of the report.Dr. Fujimoto reports personal fees from AstraZeneca KK, Ono Pharmaceutical, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharmaceutical, MSD KK, Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Eli Lilly Japan KK, and Novartis Pharma KK, all outside the submitted work.Dr. Sato reports personal fees from AstraZeneca KK outside the submitted work.Dr. Motohiro Tamiya reports personal fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical, MSD, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Eli Lilly, and Asahi Kasei Pharmaceutical; and grants and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Ono Pharmaceutical, all outside the submitted work.Dr. Yokoi reports honoraria from AstraZeneca.Dr. Akihiro Tamiya reports grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Ono Pharmaceutical, and Bristol-Myers Squibb; and personal fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, and Kissei, all outside the submitted work.Dr. Iwasawa reports personal fees from AstraZeneca K.K. and grants and personal fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical and Ono Pharmaceutical, all outside the submitted work.Dr. Hata reports grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, MSD, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Eli Lilly, and personal fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical, all outside the submitted work.Dr. Fukuda reports personal fees from AstraZeneca KK, Ono Pharmaceutical, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharmaceutical, MSD KK, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, and Daiichi Sankyo, all outside the submitted work.Dr. Hirano reports personal fees from AstraZeneca outside the submitted work.Dr. Kokubo reports personal fees from AstraZeneca outside the submitted work.Dr. Yamamoto reports grants and personal fees from MSD KK, AstraZeneca, Ono Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eli Lilly Japan KK, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novartis, and Pfizer; personal fees from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Life Technologies Japan, Nippon Kayaku, and Merck Biopharma; and grants from Astellas Pharma, Tsumura & Co., Shionogi, AbbVie GK, Amgen, Kyorin Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Terumo, Toppan Printing, and TOSOH, all outside the submitted work.All remaining authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study protocol was approved by the review board of each of the 12 institutions and this study was registered with UMIN (University Hospital Medical Information Network in Japan reference number 000036061).

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.