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Article History

Received: 2 February 2026

Accepted: 19 April 2026

First Online: 22 May 2026

Declarations

:

: All procedures were carried out in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and were approved by WCG IRB (IRB tracking number 20213510). This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the guidelines of Good Clinical Practice. Written informed consent was obtained from all study patients before enrolment into the study.

: Not applicable.

: DS is an employee and shareholder of Texas Oncology, shareholder of NEXT Oncology and reports honoraria from Syneos, consulting fees from Guidepoint, advisory board payments from Revolution Medicines and Nimbus Therapeutics, and ongoing or past institutional research funding for studies from Abbvie, Acrivon Therapeutics, ADC Therapeutics, Aprea Therapeutics, Ascentage Pharma Group, Astellas, Biomea Fusion, Boehringer Ingelheim, BJ Bioscience, BioNTech, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Compugen, Day One Biopharma, Dicerna/Novo Nordisk, Exelixis, Fate Therapeutics, Gilead Sciences, GlaskoSmithKline, Haihe Pharmaceutical, Iconovir Bio, Immuneering, Impact Therapeutics, Incendia, Kura Oncology, MediLink Therapeutics, Mirati Therapeutics, ModeX Therapeutics, Monopteros Therapeutics, Navire Pharma Inc, Nimbus Therapeutics, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, OBI Pharma, OncoResponse Inc, Pfizer, Revolution Medicines, Step Pharmaceuticals, Symphogen, Tachyon Therapeutics, Teon Therapeutics, Tyligand Bioscience, Vincerx Pharma, Vividion Therapeutics, ZielBio Inc, Zymeworks Inc. HS reports institutional research funding from Amgen; consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Celgene, Eisai, Novartis, PUMA, Seattle Genetics, Sanofi and Sermonix; advisory board roles with AstraZeneca, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Novartis and PUMA; speaker fees from Merck; and licensing fees for intellectual property from Celyad Oncology. JS reports institutional research funding from Merck, AstraZenca, OnKure, A2 Biotherapeutics, RayzeBio, Lyell Immunopharma, Carisma, Seagen, Pfizer, Genentech, Abbvie, Xencor, and Celcuity; advisory board roles with GE Heathcare, Lyell Immunopharma, and Boehringer Ingelheim. AJF, SJ, SYT and CLC are employees of and own stock in Pfizer Inc. ML receives patent royalties from the Johns Hopkins University, is employed at Pfizer; and owns stock and other ownership interests of Pfizer. FY reports honoraria from Gilead, AstraZeneca, Daichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Stemline, and ongoing or past institutional research funding for studies from Gilead Sciences, Pfizer, Genentech, Agendia, Merck. MCC reports research contracts with pharmaceutical companies to conduct clinical research including: Abbvie, Pfizer, Genentech, Astra Zeneca, Merck, BMS, Natera, Delfi, Biodexa, Janssen, Incyte, Astellas. JL and EWW have no competing interests.