Document is current

Article History

Received: 12 March 2026

Accepted: 19 April 2026

First Online: 4 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committees of participating centers in France, Spain, Switzerland and the U.S. The study was conducted in full accordance with the principles of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki, the International Conference of Harmonisation, and all applicable local guidelines and regulations on good clinical practice.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all individual patients included in this study.

: All patients provided written informed consent about participation in this study and the use of collected data. No individual patient data are included in this article that could be used to identify any individual.

: A. Falcón reports advisory role for Roche, Pfizer, Menarini, AstraZeneca, and MSD; honoraria from Roche, Pfizer, Novartis, Lilly, Menarini, AstraZeneca, MSD, Daiichi, Gilead, Dr. Reddy, and Grunenthal; and travel accommodations from Novartis, Daiichi, Gilead, and Roche. G.M. Cote reports honoraria from Gilead, the Chordoma Foundation, and the Pharma Mar Foundation; Ad hoc Scientific Advisory Board for Ikena Oncology, C4 Therapeutics, Daiichi Sankyo Inc, Pharma Mar and Parabilis; Institutional research funding to MGH for the conduct of clinical trials from Pharma Mar, MacroGenics, Eisai, Merck KGaA/EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Repare Therapeutics, Foghorn Therapeutics, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, BioAtla, Inhibrx, Ikena Oncology, C4 Therapeutics, and Pyxis; and travel accommodations from Pharma Mar. J. Molina-Cerrillo reports consultant, advisory or speaker roles for IPSEN, Roche, Pfizer, Sanofi, Janssen, BMS, Exelisis, MSD, Adium, Astellas, Recordati Rare Diseases, Eisai and Novartis; and research grants from Pfizer, IPSEN, Janssen and Roche outside the submitted work. A. LeCesne reports bureau fees for Deciphera. P. Rocha reports personal fees for invited speaker roles from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, and ThermoFisher; advisory boards for Daiichi Sankyo and IGES Pharma; and ceived congress registration and travel support from AstraZeneca, BMS, Kyowa Kirin, Lilly, MSD, PharmaMar, and Roche. B. Bockorny reports Research Funding from Agenus Inc and NanoView Bioscience; travel expenses from Erytech Pharma and Agenus; Advisory Board and Consulting from SpringWorks, Blueprint Medicines, BioLine Rx, Boxer, Enlivex, Rango and N1X10; and Speaker bureau from Total Health. D. Páez reports consultant, advisory or speaker roles for Amgen, AAA, Terumo, Takeda and MSD and research funding from Merck outside the submitted work. J. Martin-Broto reports personal funding from Pharma Mar (expert testimony, advisory, and invited speaker), Tecnofarma (advisory), Deciphera (advisory), Amgem (expert testimony), Asofarma (advisory), Bayer (expert testimony), Boehringer Ingelheim (expert testimony), Cogent (advisory), GSK (expert testimony), Roche (expert testimony), Sarcoma Research Solutions SL (profits); institutional funding for research support (clinical trials or translational) from Pharma Mar, Eli Lilly and Company, Adaptimmune Therapeutics, Lixte, Karyopharm, Deciphera, GSK, AYALA, INBRX, PTC Therapeutics, RAIN Therapeutics, Boehringher, Phyllogen, Abiskko, BMS, Pfizer, COGENT Therapeutics, Synox Therapeutics, Servier, Karyopharm, Lixte, Biosplice, Cebiotex, IMMIX, and Springworks Therapeutics; and non-remunerated leadership roles for SELNET, and non-remunerated membership or affiliation with ESMO, SEOM, GEIS, ASCO, CTOS and EORTC. S.P. Chawla is employee at the Sant P. Chawla, MD, Inc, and reports stock ownership for AADi, Cellestia Biotech, CounterPoint, and Immix Biopharma; honoraria for AADi and SpringWorks; consulting or advisory role for AADi, Cellestia Biotech, and SpringWorks; speaker’s bureau for AADi and SpringWorks; research funding, patents, royalties and other intellectual property and travel and accommodation expenses from Amgen, Roche, Threshold Pharmaceuticals, CytRx Corporation, Ignyla, Immune Design, TRACIN Pharma, and Karyoph. S. Martinez, and M. Siguero are employees of Pharma Mar. C. Kahatt, J. Jimenez and V. Alfaro are employees and stock owners of Pharma Mar. C. López reports consultant or advisor role for Roche, AstraZeneca, MSD, BMS, Ipsen, Lilly, and Eisai; research funding from Roche, AstraZeneca, MSD, BMS, and Ipsen; and speaking honoraria from A. Kollár reports advisory role for Pharma Mar, Merck and travel grants for Pharma mmar, Deciphera, Amgen, Roche, AstraZeneca, MSD, BMS, Eisai, Lilly, and Ipsen. L. Paz-Ares reports co-founder position and member of board of directors with Altum Sequencing, and Stab therapeutics; consulting fees or advisory role for Abbvie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Beigene, Biontech, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, Glaxo-SmithKline, Gilead, Johnson & Johnson, Lilly, MSD, Merck-Serono, Mirati, Novartis, Pharma Mar, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, and Takeda; speakers’bureau for MSD Oncology, BMS, Roche/Genentech, Pfizer, Lilly, AstraZeneca, and Merck Serono; and institutional research funding from BMS, AstraZeneca, Pharma Mar, MSD, and Pfizer during the conduct of the study. Other authors declared no competing interests.