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Article History

Received: 20 February 2026

Accepted: 20 May 2026

First Online: 29 May 2026

Declarations

Ethical Statement: The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy and integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.Approval for the use of patient-derived tumors: Ethics committee approval for the use of patient-derived tumors for PDX was obtained from the National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS) and Singapore General Hospital (approval number: #2018/SHS/1356) and Daiichi Sankyo (approval number: #000506). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients, and all methods related to human tissue procurement and use were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines, regulations, and the Declaration of Helsinki.Approval for animal experiments: All animal experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. (approval numbers: 21000080, 22000382) and NCCS (IACUC approval number: #2018/SHS/1356). All procedures were performed in accordance with the in-house guidelines of the respective Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees and in compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines.

Competing interests: HY, SW, JT, HI, RN, MY, MH, and KF are paid employees of Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. HY is a paid employee of Daiichi Sankyo Inc. (USA). This work was supported in part by research funding from Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.