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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62177027, 62007023)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2022JYZD04)
Research Program Funds of the Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University (2022-05-057-BZPK01)
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Article History
Received: 4 November 2022
Accepted: 29 May 2023
First Online: 6 June 2023
Declarations
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: No potential conflict of interest is reported by the authors.
: Before we conducted this study, we reported it to the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education at Central China Normal University and received permission from the committee to conduct the research. All participants were volunteers who gave written informed consent. Furthermore, they knew that they had the right to withdraw from the study at any time during the experiment.
