Ma, Ning https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1941-724X
Sun, Yifan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6820-8145
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62077007)
the First-Class Education Discipline Development of Beijing Normal University for the project (YLXKPY-XSDW202401)
Article History
Received: 27 July 2024
Accepted: 2 May 2025
First Online: 4 June 2025
Declarations
:
: The participants were provided informed consent before participation. They were voluntary to participate in this research, and could retreat at any time. All data were collected and analyzed anonymously.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee.
: All procedures performed in the study involving human participants were in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. The research participants agreed to participate in the study and their complete anonymity was ensured.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. The test and questionnaire were conducted anonymously. Students’ and teachers’ participation was voluntary.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for the project “Research on Time-Emotion-Cognition Analysis Model and Automatic Feedback Mechanism of Online Asynchronous Interaction” (Grant No. 62077007), and the First-Class Education Discipline Development of Beijing Normal University for the project “Research on Multimodal Process Data-Driven Automatic Analysis and Feedback for Deep Interdisciplinary Leaming” (Grant No. YLXKPY-XSDW202401).