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Authors
Shao, Jiawei https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6695-598X
Abdul Rabu, Siti Nazleen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2765-0348
Chen, Chuang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4877-1184
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
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Article History
Received: 19 January 2025
Accepted: 4 June 2025
First Online: 26 June 2025
Declarations
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: All studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Design, Anhui University of Engineering, and strictly adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent prior to formal participation in this study.
: Consent for publication was obtained from the participants.
: There is no potential conflict of interest in this study.
