Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Jin, Rui
Zhao, Mingren
Niu, Chunling
Xia, Yuyan
Zhou, Hao
Liu, Na
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation, Ministry of Education (24YJC880062)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 7 January 2025
Accepted: 27 August 2025
First Online: 2 October 2025
Declarations
:
: We prioritized the protection of participant rights and adherence to research integrity. Participants, including 117 university students and four human raters, were fully informed about the study’s purpose, data collection processes, and the anonymization of their data. Informed consent was obtained from all individual adult participants included in the study. We also ensured compliance with OpenAI’s policy for using ChatGPT and Claude’s policy for using Claude in research. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the university’s Institutional Review Board (IRB).
: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
