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Optimizing EFL vocabulary acquisition: a randomized controlled mixed-methods investigation of artificial intelligence-driven incidental, contextual, and multimodal strategies

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13803-2

Published Online: 2025-10-27

Published Print: 2026-01

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Yu, Miao
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-10-27

Version of Record valid from 2025-10-27
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Article History

Received: 7 January 2025

Accepted: 23 September 2025

First Online: 27 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the institutional review board of Xinyang Normal University and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written consent was obtained from the participants before the study was conducted.

: The author declares no competing interests.

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