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Article History

Received: 1 June 2025

Accepted: 10 February 2026

First Online: 24 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The Tianjin Vocational Institute’s human research ethics committee approved this study (ID: TJTC-2024-007) on June 3rd, 2024, under the condition that it be conducted with integrity, respect for life, and adherence to human rights. This study has been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants during the survey. Participation was entirely voluntary, without any risks, and occurred without any form of compensation. Participants grant their consent to publish, present and/or share the anonymous data.

: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.