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Authors
Liao, Chang-Yen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-0753
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 111-2410-H-008-067-MY3)
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Article History
Received: 4 September 2025
Accepted: 4 March 2026
First Online: 16 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests. In accordance with Springer Nature’s AI disclosure guidelines, we disclose that Figure was prepared using Napkin.ai for visualization purposes only. This AI-assisted preparation did not influence the study’s methodology, results, or theoretical conclusions.
