Abouelenein, Yousri Attia Mohamed https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3275-565X
Selim, Shaimaa Abdul Salam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9851-037X
Hashem, Zeinab Mostafa Abdel Azim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3334-581X
Khalaf, Mohamed Hassan Ragab https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7411-2211
Funding for this research was provided by:
Damietta General Hospital
Article History
Received: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 3 July 2026
First Online: 16 July 2026
Declarations
Ethical considerations: The researchers ensured that all students in the research sample agreed to participate, while emphasizing the confidentiality of data related to participating students’ results. It was also noted that the student could withdraw at any time without academic consequences.
Competing interests: The current study’s researchers declared no conflicts of interest regarding the authorship or publication.