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Authors
Sadighi, Maryam
Ponssard, Jean-Pierre
Sanin, Maria Eugenia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8923-0480
Zarea, Murès
Loret, Elodie Le Cadre
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Université Paris-Est Créteil
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Article History
Received: 13 January 2025
Revised: 8 December 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 30 January 2026
Declarations
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: Three of the authors (Maryam Sadighi, Mures Zarea, and Elodie Le Cadre Loret) have written this paper while employed by ENGIE S.A., which provided the case study data used in this research. ENGIE SA is involved in the energy supply chain to the industrial sectors. The other two authors (Jean-Pierre Ponssard and Maria-Eugenia Sanin) are affiliated with academic institutions and have no conflicts of interest to disclose. The authors confirm that the company had no influence over the analysis, interpretation, or conclusions of the research.
