Bravo-Ormaza, Estefanía http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3699-1734
Arauz, Randall http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4907-0424
Bessudo, Sandra http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3819-2004
Hearn, Alex http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-098X
Klimley, A. Peter http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6097-0522
Ladino-Archila, Felipe http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8852-0796
López-Macías, Jean http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-0565
Steiner, Todd http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4094-7501
Peñaherrera-Palma, César http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6621-201X
Funding for this research was provided by:
iris & michael smith
lindblad expeditions
national geographic
secretaría de educación superior, ciencia, tecnología e innovación
blake, kimberly and george rapier charitable trust
the directorate of the galapagos national park
galapagos conservancy
galapagos conservation trust
national parks of colombia
patrimonial fund of colombia
undersea hunter
Article History
Received: 14 July 2021
Accepted: 11 July 2023
First Online: 30 July 2023
Declarations
:
: No animals were handled or experimented on during any part of this research. Our underwater visual survey methods complied with animal welfare laws, guidelines, and policies as approved by the University of Tasmania Animal Ethics Committee (permit number A13641), by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of California – Davis (permit number IACUC PROTOCOL #16022), by the Directorate of the Galapagos National Park (permit number PC-60-13), by Cocos Island Marine Conservation Area (ACMIC) from National System of Conservation Area (SINAC) of Costa Rica (permit number ACMIC-008, ACMIC-012, ACMIC-006, ACMIC-001), and by the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development of Colombia (permit number DTPA 002-18).
: The authors declare no competing interests.