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Article History

Received: 15 November 2024

Accepted: 5 October 2025

First Online: 6 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional, and the questionnaire and methodology for this study was approved by the Human Research Ethics committee of Chongqing Preschool Education College (I20230101).

: Online informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

: The revision process involved re-examination of raw data, incorporating additional analyses, reorganizing tables and figures, and providing more in-depth theoretical interpretation. Due to a significant increase in her other professional responsibilities, Miaomiao Liu was unable to dedicate her full attention to the revision. As a result, Zhongli Liu joined the team and contributed substantially to this process. In light of her exceptional effort and critical input, we list Zhongli Liu as a co-first author along with Hao Xu. Accordingly, Miaomiao Liu, who remains the corresponding author, is listed as the second author.

: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.