Merculief, Alexis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-0414
Omar, Javier
Aguilar, Gladys https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0369-1148
Steyer, Lily https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5823-4681
Obradović, Jelena https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7405-4608
Funding for this research was provided by:
Spencer Foundation (202100275)
Institute of Education Sciences (R305B220018)
Institute of Education Sciences (R305B220018)
Jacobs Family Foundation (2017126107)
Article History
Received: 31 December 2024
Accepted: 5 October 2025
First Online: 12 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Stanford University. Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study.
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.