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Authors
Khan, Irfanullah
Tayyab, Muhammad
Ur Rehman, Faheem
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Interdisciplinary Research Center for Finance & Digital Economy (IRCFDE) at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (INFE2401)
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Article History
Received: 28 February 2025
Accepted: 25 October 2025
First Online: 15 December 2025
Declarations
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: All authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
