Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Çelik, Zeynep https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6397-1125
Aydın, Hamdi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3854-6047
Ceylan, Mustafa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3283-0637
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 15 May 2025
Accepted: 16 October 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Declarations
:
: According to current international and national regulations, including the European Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes and the U.S. Animal Welfare Act, the use of leeches (Hirudinea) in scientific research does not require approval from local ethics committees, as these invertebrates are not subject to animal experimentation legislation. All procedures in this study were conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
