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Four Decades After the Big-Fish–Little-Pond Effect: Critical Boundary Tests and Integrative Models of Mean-Context, Ordinal-Standing, and Distributional-Scaling in 46 Countries

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-026-10200-0

Published Online: 2026-08-03

Published Print: 2026-12

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Marsh, Herbert W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1078-9717
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Australian Catholic University Limited
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-08-03

Version of Record valid from 2026-08-03
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Article History

Received: 4 March 2026

Accepted: 6 July 2026

First Online: 3 August 2026

Declarations

Use of generative AI: The author used ChatGPT for coding statistical analyses in R, language editing, and formatting assistance.

Ethical standards: The manuscript represents original work conducted in compliance with ethical standards and is not under consideration elsewhere. Because the study used only publicly available data, it was exempt from institutional ethics review.

Conflicts of interest: The author declares no conflicts of interest.

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