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Authors
Sudriani, Yuli
Latifah, Arnida L.
Setiawan, Foni Agus
Fakhrudin, Muh.
Alias, Norma Binti
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
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Article History
Received: 15 September 2025
Revised: 29 April 2026
Accepted: 9 May 2026
First Online: 8 June 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: Not applicable. This study used primary data and did not involve any human or animal subjects.
: This study does not include any individual personal data or images requiring consent.
