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Evaluation of sources, spatial and temporal distribution, ecological and health risk associated with CAF (Caffeine) and DEET (N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) contamination in the urban groundwater parts of Vellore city, Tamilnadu, India

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-02351-2

Published Online: 2025-01-08

Published Print: 2025-02

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Sridhar, Daggupati

Parimalarenganayaki, Sundaram https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7174-630X
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-01-08

Version of Record valid from 2025-01-08
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Article History

Received: 1 July 2024

Accepted: 28 December 2024

First Online: 8 January 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethical approval was not required for this study as no human or animal subjects were involved. All protocols, including stakeholder consent, environmental safety measures, and data confidentiality, were strictly followed.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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