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Authors
Beltrán-Ardila, Julián David https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0945-4586
Escobar-Correa, Peter Alexander https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5470-2512
Varela-Martínez, Diana Angélica https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1688-8983
García-García, Diego Armando https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-0296
Benavidez-Piracón, John Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-0372
Pinilla-Bonilla, Laura Bibiana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9360-7116
Santos-Yate, Jefferson David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-197X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Agencia Distrital para la Educación Superior, la Ciencia Y la Tecnología-ATENEA
EAN
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Article History
Received: 20 September 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 17 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This observational study involved deidentified human scalp hair. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Southern Integrated Health Services Subnetwork (ESE), Bogotá D.C., Colombia (Approval No. R-246, dated February 24, 2023), in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable regulations.
: Written informed consent was obtained from parents or legal guardians of all participating children; assent was obtained from the children as appropriate .
: No identifiable personal data or images are included. Consent for publication of deidentified data was obtained from parents or legal guardians.
