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Authors
Arunrat, Noppol
Sereenonchai, Sukanya
Sagulkiatpanya, Tongchana
Oo, Tin Ko
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mahidol University (Fundamental Fund: fiscal year 2025 by National Science Research and Innovation Fund (FF-178/2568)
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Article History
Received: 5 March 2026
Accepted: 14 May 2026
First Online: 27 May 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
: The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University (IPSR-IRB) (COA. No. 2023/03-045). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Moreover, permission to collect soil, rice root, stem, and grain samples was obtained from the respective landowners.
: Not applicable.
