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Authors
Musala, Mathieu Kayembe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829-3618
Matthieu, Matthieu Tshanga https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7223-9867
Mugaruka, Meschac Amani
Mwambila, Fabrice Kalombo https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8840-8910
Ilunga, Hervé Ngoie
Kyongo, Jerry Mbayo
Adesola, Gbenga Olamide
Tshamala, Arthur Kaniki https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1411-8408
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of South Africa
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Article History
Received: 16 January 2026
Accepted: 18 May 2026
First Online: 3 June 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study did not involve human participants; therefore, consent to participate was not required.
: This study does not include any individual person’s data in any form; therefore, consent to publish is not applicable.
: This research was conducted following ethical guidelines and received ethical clearance from the University of Lubumbashi. The study did not involve any experiments on humans or animals.
: The authors reported no potential conflict of interest.
