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Article History

Received: 8 November 2024

Accepted: 15 March 2025

First Online: 19 May 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was performed according to guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Epidemiological Practice. The Gutenberg COVID-19 Study and SentiSurv RLP were approved by the local ethics committee of the “Landesärztekammer Rheinland-Pfalz” (reference no. GCS: 2018–13720; reference no. SentiSurv RLP: 2022–16744).

: Participating individuals provided a written informed consent before study enrolment.

: There are no competing interests reported regarding this work. Outside the submitted work, PSW reports grants from Bayer AG, non-financial grants from Philips Medical Systems, grants and consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, grants and consulting fees from Novartis Pharma, grants and consulting fees from Sanofi-Aventis, grants, consulting and lecturing fees from Bayer Health Care, grants and consulting fees from Daiichi Sankyo Europe, lecturing fees from Pfizer Pharma, lecturing fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, consulting fees from Astra Zeneca, consulting fees and non-financial support from Diasorin and non-financial support from IEM. PSW received the grants for the current work and is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01EO1503, 81Z0210103, 81Z0210102, 81Z0210101, 01KD2413B, 161L0219 81 × 1210105), Ministry of Science and Health of the State of Rhineland Palatinate (MWG RLP 724 − 0010#2021/0030-1501, AZ 724 − 0010#2021/0010- 1501 15402, 724 − 0053#2023/0001-1501 15404, 3125-0040#2024/0008- 1501 15211), and the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA, F2447 / 537727, F2572 / 556549) outside the present work. PSW is principal investigator of the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) and of the DIASyM research core (BMBF DIASyM research core (BMBF 161L0217A, 031L0217A, 16LW0241K, 161L0219), of the future cluster curATime (BMBF 03ZU1202AA, 03ZU1202CD, 03ZU1202DB, 03ZU1202JC, 03ZU1202KB, 03ZU1202LB, 03ZU1202MB, and 03ZU1202OA), and of EPIC-AI (BMBF 01EQ2401A). JHP has received honoraria for lectures from Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo GmbH, and Sanofi-Aventis GmbH as well as research grants from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01EO1503) and the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) outside the topic of the present study. JHP is an employee of Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH and University Medical Center Mainz. The remaining authors report no conflict of interest.