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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)
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Article History
Received: 13 March 2025
Accepted: 21 July 2025
First Online: 13 August 2025
Declarations
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: All authors declare no competing interests.
: The UKB received ethical approval from the North-West Multicentre Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 11/NW/03820). The ESTHER study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg (Application number: S-58/2000). Both UKB and ESTHER study are conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.
: All study participants of UKB and ESTHER study gave written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
