Du, Yu
Kang, Zi-Jian
Tong, Qiang
Jiang, Han-Lei
Cui, Ran
Wang, Shiow-Ing
Wei, James Cheng-Chung
Dai, Sheng-Ming https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8876-4205
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82204722)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82271837)
Article History
Received: 11 November 2024
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that there are no competing interests.
: The collaborative electronic health record database conforms to the Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act and General Data Protection Regulation, and has been granted a waiver of informed consent by the Western Institutional Review Board since this platform only aggregates counts and statistical summaries of anonymized information. In addition, the use of the collaborative electronic health record database in the present study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (No: CS2-21176).
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.