Steijlen, Olivia F. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9183-9287
Rentroia-Pacheco, Barbara https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0073-4269
Mooyaart, Antien L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9810-5780
Chia, Catherine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2387-5793
Louwman, Marieke W. J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9011-6741
Voorham, Quirinus J. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2631-7976
Bruggink, Annette H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1354-6988
Nijsten, Tamar E. C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-2875
Wakkee, Marlies https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8578-901X
Hollestein, Loes M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8922-6791
Funding for this research was provided by:
Health Holland, Top Sector Life Sciences & Health (EMCLSH21019)
Hanarth Fonds
Alphatron
Erasmus MC Foundation
Article History
Received: 9 February 2026
Accepted: 8 March 2026
First Online: 12 March 2026
Declarations
:
: MW participated as speaker and advisory board member for Sanofi Genzyme and Regeneron. BRP is funded by a PPP Allowance made available by Health ~ Holland, Top Sector Life Sciences & Health, to stimulate public–private partnerships, of which SkylineDx is a contributing member. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the scientific committees of Erasmus MC (MEC-2020–0147), the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Databank, and the Netherlands Cancer Registry.
: The use of leftover diagnostic tissue samples for scientific research is based on the ‘opt out’ principle, as outlined in the Code of Conduct for Health Research by the Committee on Regulation of Health Research