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Authors
Aune, Dagfinn https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4533-1722
Otaki, Yoichiro
Mahamat-Saleh, Yahya
Hibino, Makoto
Heath, Alicia K.
Berlanga-Taylor, Antonio
Konta, Tsuneo
Yamagata, Kunihiro
Fujimoto, Shouichi
Tsuruya, Kazuhiko
Narita, Ichiei
Kasahara, Masato
Shibagaki, Yugo
Iseki, Kunitoshi
Moriyama, Toshiki
Kondo, Masahide
Asahi, Koichi
Watanabe, Tsuyoshi
Watanabe, Tetsu
Watanabe, Masafumi
Janszky, Imre
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Norwegian South-East Regional Health Authority (2017076)
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Article History
Received: 2 February 2026
Accepted: 7 April 2026
First Online: 29 May 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest associated with this manuscript.
: The UK Biobank has ethical approval from the North West Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee, the National Information Governance Board for Health and Social Care in England and Wales, and the Community Health Index Advisory Group in Scotland. In addition, an independent Ethics and Governance Council was formed in 2004 to oversee UK Biobank’s continuous adherence to the Ethics and Governance framework, which were developed for the study [ ]. All UK Biobank participants provided written informed consent [ ]. For the J-SHC study, all procedures performed were done in accordance with the guidelines of the Institutional Ethics Committee of Yamagata University School of Medicine (Yamagata University, 2008, No. 103) or the National Research Committee (the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects enacted by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan [ ]). In J-SHC, the investigators were not required to obtain informed consent, but information concerning the study was publicized on the web [ ] and ensured opportunities for the research participants to refuse the use of their personal information.
