Wang, Youqing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1408-7667
Sha, Sha
Gwenzi, Tafirenyika
Schöttker, Ben
Brenner, Hermann https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6129-1572
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)
Article History
Received: 22 January 2026
Accepted: 25 June 2026
First Online: 22 July 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Ethical approval: The UK Biobank is being conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the North West Haydock Research Ethics Committee (#16/NW/0274, 13 May 2016).