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Authors
Warensjö Lemming, Eva https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0149-452X
Carlsson, Frida https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0933-6451
Nguyen, Diem https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9680-5772
Al Jewari, Caesar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0868-0384
Brunius, Carl https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-870X
Byberg, Liisa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4421-6466
Engstrand, Lars https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7713-2373
Hyötylainen, Tuulia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4382-4355
Håkansson, Niclas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7673-5554
Johansson, Ingegerd https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9227-8434
Kolseth, Anna-Karin
Landberg, Rikard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6399-7608
Larsson, Susanna C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0118-0341
Leppert, Jerzy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1433-0329
Mola-Caminal, Marina
Olsson, Erika https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6811-829X
Sayols-Baixeras, Sergi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1181-6262
Åkesson, Agneta https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9594-4140
Wolk, Alicja https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-6845
Michaëlsson, Karl https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2815-1217
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Uppsala University
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Article History
Received: 5 March 2026
Accepted: 3 August 2026
First Online: 12 October 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Ethical approval: The study is performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. More than 100 ethical approvals have been obtained over the years, initially from regional ethics committees and, since 2019, from the national Swedish Ethical Review Authority.
Consent to participate: For SMC and COSM, participant consent was structured such that completion and return of the questionnaire constituted written informed consent. The completion of the questionnaire was preceded by a two-page information sheet about the study’s purposes and data responsibility. For SMCC and COSMC, each participant provided written informed consent on a separate form at each visit.
