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Article History

Accepted: 26 February 2020

First Online: 6 March 2020

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: All authors affirm that 1) there exist no actual or potential conflict of interests to disclose, 2) the manuscript is original and has not been published previously (partly or in full), and is not under review for publication elsewhere, 3) all the necessary national and international standards, regulations and conventions, including normal scientific ethical practices, have been duly followed and respected; and all authors have endorsed the final version of the manuscript before submission.

: The authors certify that no special permits were required for the fieldwork investigations. Permission for sampling the sod cultivation farms and golf courses was always granted by the respective superintendents, and investigations did not involve any species endangered or protected in Korea.

: All the authors declare that the principles of ethical and professional conduct were duly followed during the execution of this research. The research was locally funded by Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science; and The Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea under project “Research Program for Agriculture, Science and Technology Development, project no. PJ01342804”.