Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Zang, Luning https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8536-907X
Wang, Linqiang
Zhang, Dianfeng
Bai, Qingguo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6812-0293
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Province Young Talent Team in Philosophy and Social Sciences (2024-QNRC-43)
Social Science Planning Project of Shandong Province (24CRWJ13)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Accepted: 19 March 2025
First Online: 20 April 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study did not require formal ethical approval as it does not involve sensitive personal data, invasive procedures, or any other activities that may pose risks to participants. All data used in this research were anonymized and collected in compliance with relevant ethical guidelines, ensuring participants' privacy and confidentiality. The study adheres to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and other applicable international ethical standards for research involving human subjects.
: Participants were informed of the study’s purpose and their rights and were asked to provide consent before participation.
