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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72104104)
Outstanding Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20200339)
Global Challenges Research Fund (University of Wollongong)
The University of Wollongong
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Article History
Accepted: 14 April 2025
First Online: 7 May 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that we have no competing interests.
: Given the absence of human subjects, no formal consent to participate was obtained. All data used in this study are publicly available. The research adheres to the ethical standards and guidelines relevant to the Electronic Commerce Research and is conducted in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
: The authors declare that we are the original authors of the manuscript and hold the copyright for the content. The manuscript has not been published elsewhere and is not currently under consideration for publication in any other journal. All co-authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to its submission for publication. We understand and agree to comply with the editorial policies and guidelines of Electronic Commerce Research. We acknowledge that our manuscript will be subject to peer review, and we commit to addressing any revisions or suggestions made by the reviewers and editors.
