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Authors
Ndem, Peter
Biose, Osadebe
Effiong, Eyo
Udegbe, Selina
Ukpebor, Justina E.
Ifijen, Ikhazuagbe H.
Ukpebor, Emmanuel E.
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Article History
Received: 28 February 2025
Accepted: 28 June 2025
First Online: 18 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study did not involve experiments on humans, animals, or other living subjects. All research activities were conducted in compliance with institutional, national, and international ethical guidelines and standards. All authors affirm that they have read, understood, and fully complied with the “Ethical Responsibilities of Authors” as outlined in the Instructions for Authors. This includes adherence to all applicable ethical guidelines, standards for research integrity, and transparency in the conduct, reporting, and authorship of this study.
: Each author in this manuscript has given permission for this work to be published.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
