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Article History

Received: 2 May 2025

Accepted: 11 August 2025

First Online: 19 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study, titled “Modified maize cob powder for zinc and chromium removal from wastewater: predictive modeling and comparative study of mathematical models” did not involve human participants, animal subjects, or sensitive personal data. Therefore, formal ethical approval was not required. The research was conducted in accordance with recognized standards of scientific integrity and environmental safety.

:  No human subjects were involved in this study. As such, consent to participate does not apply.

: This is to inform you that individual data is not collected or used in the manuscript titled “Modified maize cob powder for zinc and chromium removal from wastewater: predictive modeling and comparative study of mathematical models.” Therefore, no consent for publication of individual data is required. The research findings presented in this manuscript are based on lab experiment data and do not include any personally identifiable information. Privacy and confidentiality have been strictly maintained throughout the research process. If you have any questions or concerns about the research, please feel free to contact the corresponding author.

: The author of this manuscript declares that he has no competing interests, financial or otherwise, that could influence the conduct or interpretation of this research or the reporting of its findings. He has no financial or personal relationships with any individuals or organizations that might bias their work, and he has received no funding or support from any such entities. The author has acted in good faith and in the best interests of scientific integrity and transparency.