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Article History

Received: 4 October 2025

Accepted: 5 January 2026

First Online: 16 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This research does not involve any experimentation or direct interaction with human subjects. As such, formal written consent from participants is not applicable to this study. The research adheres to ethical standards, ensuring the privacy and confidentiality of any relevant data used.

: I, Henry O. Orugba, grant permission for the publication of this manuscript in your reputable journal. I confirm that all co-authors have been informed and agree to the submission. This manuscript has not been concurrently submitted elsewhere.Upon acceptance, I understand that the copyright will be transferred to your journal.

: The authors declare no competing interests.