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Article History

Received: 24 October 2025

Accepted: 16 January 2026

First Online: 21 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study described in the manuscript was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute. All procedures involving livestock were reviewed and approved by the Institute Research Committee (IRC), ensuring compliance with national and international animal welfare guidelines. Ethics approval was not required for this type of study according to institute policy, but animal welfare was strictly maintained throughout the study. The authors are grateful to the competent authority of ICAR‑IGFRI for completing the official procedures vide reference number ICAR‑IGFRI/PME Reference Letter/Research Paper/12/2025 dated 09/10/2025. All of the authors have read and approved the paper and it has not been published previously nor is it being considered by any other peer-reviewed journal. The manuscript has been read and approved for submission by all the authors.

: Not applicable.