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Authors
Shukri, Shaufikah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9710-672X
Kamarudin, Latifah Munirah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2547-3934
Zuel Azwar, Azfar Haniff
Azmi, Noraini https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8528-8351
Zakaria, Ammar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7108-215X
Ali Yeon, Ahmad Shakaff https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2899-2726
Syed Zakaria, Syed Muhammad Mamduh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3557-2204
Visvanathan, Retnam
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Malaysia Minister of Higher Education (9013-00043)
Universiti Malaysia Perlis
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Article History
Received: 25 August 2025
Accepted: 23 January 2026
First Online: 19 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
