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Article History

Received: 15 October 2025

Accepted: 16 February 2026

First Online: 26 March 2026

Declarations

:

: All authors have read, understood, and complied as applicable with the statement on “Ethical responsibilities of Authors” as found in the Instructions for Authors. This study utilized a fully anonymized dataset of ZCL cases, excluding any personal identifiers such as names, addresses, or national identification numbers. All analyses were conducted exclusively on aggregated data, including maps and charts, without access to individual patient records. All relevant ethical standards, including the protection of data confidentiality and participant privacy, were rigorously upheld throughout the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.