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Authors
Bachtiar, Vera Surtia
Husni, Nailul
Amin, Muhammad
Purnawan, Purnawan
Suryati, Isra
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Directorate of Research and Community Service, Directorate General of Research and Development, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Republic of Indonesia (Fundamental Research – Regular Scheme, No. 060/C3/DT.05.00/PL/2025, Fiscal Year 2025)
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Article History
Received: 22 November 2025
Accepted: 31 March 2026
First Online: 8 April 2026
Declarations
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: All authors have read, understood, and have complied as applicable with the statement on “ethical responsibilities of authors” as found in the instructions for authors. All authors have read, understood, and have complied as applicable with the statement on “consent to participate” as found in the instructions for authors.
: All authors have read, understood, and have complied as applicable with the statement on “consent to publish” as found in the instructions for authors.
: Not applicable.
: This study is not a clinical trial; therefore, no registration details are applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
