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Article History

Received: 9 October 2025

Accepted: 29 April 2026

First Online: 7 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Tampere University Ethical Board (Statement 132/2022, Request 52/2022: “Evaluation and Reduction of New Persistent Organic Pollutants in Preschools of Finland”). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participating children.

: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including images or identifiable information).

: All authors have read, understood, and complied with the statement on “Ethical responsibilities of Authors” as found in the Instructions for Authors of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment .

: The authors declare no competing interests.