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Assessing the impacts of urbanization and climate variability on cropland dynamics and food security in Punjab, Pakistan (2000–2025): a multi-scale remote sensing and machine learning approach

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-026-15529-1

Published Online: 2026-06-09

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Shah, Adnan Abbas https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0435-9161
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-06-09

Version of Record valid from 2026-06-09
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Article History

Received: 30 March 2026

Accepted: 27 May 2026

First Online: 9 June 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable. This study is based entirely on publicly available remote sensing and reanalysis datasets. No human participants, animal subjects, or personal data were involved.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable. All authors have read, understood, and have complied as applicable with the statement on “Ethical responsibilities of Authors” as found in the Instructions for Authors.

: The author declares no competing interests.

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