Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (F2024207003)
Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department (BJK2024111)
Hebei Provincial Key Talent Program (C2025010)
Shandong Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program (2023HWYQ-113)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023QF152)
Shandong Provincial University Youth Innovation and Technology Support Program (2022KJ291)
Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Major Project (2025ZDZX02)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 5 June 2025
Accepted: 22 October 2025
First Online: 5 December 2025
Declarations
:
: Since this study did not involve human subjects, animals, or any sensitive data requiring ethical review, ethical approval is not applicable.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. This declaration includes, but is not limited to, financial interests, personal relationships, academic competition, and intellectual beliefs that may pose a conflict of interest in relation to this manuscript.
: not applicable.
