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Article History

Received: 25 January 2024

Accepted: 5 October 2024

First Online: 28 October 2024

Declarations

:

: The authors listed below assert that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity that could pose any financial interest (such as honoraria, educational grants, or participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial conflict of interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs).

: The research procedures of this study adhered to the ethical standards outlined in the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its subsequent amendments or comparable ethical standards. As per Taiwan’s laws, no external ethical approval was necessary for conducting an anonymous questionnaire study. The exemption granted to this study was due to the anonymity of the questionnaire data, making it impossible for readers to identify the participants. No name lists corresponding to questionnaire respondents were maintained, and the names of participating schools were not disclosed. Compliance with Taiwan’s ethical regulations and approval processes for research involving human participants was not mandated, in accordance with local legislation and institutional requirements. All of the subjects were fully informed about the study, and all of the participants provided informed consent before participating.

: All of the subjects were informed about the research, and all of the participants who were enrolled in the study provided informed consent before participating.